Pneumonia

Definition 

 Pneumonia is a Greek word that means ‘’ lung ’’ so pneumonia means ‘’ lung complaint. It's inflammation of the lungs that are substantially caused by infections. The most common cause of contagious pneumonia is a bacterial infection. 

 Types of Bacterial Pneumonia 

 There are four types of bacterial pneumonia. 

Community- acquired pneumonia( CAP) 

Hospital- acquired pneumonia( HAP)

Ventilator- associated pneumonia( VAP) 

Healthcare- associated pneumonia( HCAP) 

 Community-acquired Pneumonia 

 When lung infection is caused by the community, it's called community-acquired pneumonia.

 Hospital-acquired Pneumonia 

When an anon-intubated person develops lung towel infection within 24 hours or longer after his hospitalization, it's called sanitarium-acquired pneumonia. 

 Ventilator-associated Pneumonia 

 After intubation for mechanical ventilation, if a person develops an acute lung infection, it's called ventilator-associated pneumonia. 

 Healthcare-associated Pneumonia 

If healthcare facilities such as out-patient clinics, dialysis centers, nursing homes, and patient hospitals stay more than 3 months can cause acute lung tissue infection, which is called healthcare-associated pneumonia. 

 Causes of Pneumonia 

 Numerous organisms can cause pneumonia similar to bacteria, contagions, sponges, fungi, etc. 

 Causes of Bacterial Pneumonia 

 Two types of organisms beget bacterial pneumonia. 

 1. Typical Organisms 

 2. Atypical Organisms 

 Typical Organisms 

 Organisms similar as Streptococcus pneumonia, Group A Streptococci, Hemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, aerobic gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobic which can be seen on gram stains or can be dressed on standard media are called typical organisms. 

 Atypical Organisms 

 Organisms similar to Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella spp, Chlamydia pneumonia, and C psittacine that can't be dressed on standard media or can not be seen on gram stains are called atypical organisms. 

 Symptoms of Pneumonia 

 Fever, body temperature rises within a many hours of infection 

 Shaking Chills 

 Adversities 

 Headache 

 Pain in body 

 Vomiting 

 Confusion 

 Disorientation in senior 

 Angina( chest pain) 

 Cough 

 dropped respiratory movements 

 Crepitations 

 Pneumothorax 

 Pleurisy 

 Bronchial breath sounds 

 Increased oral fremitus 

 Dullness on percussion 

 Egophony 

 Prevention of Pneumonia 

 Smoking 

 Smoking is the major cause of lung infection in youths which eventually causes pneumonia. However, he has a reduced threat of developing pneumonia, If a person keeps down from smoking. 

 Drunkenness 

 Alcohol can also beget lung bowel infections. However, the chances of developing alcohol are less, If we quit alcohol consumption. 

 Vaccination 

 still, the threat of developing pneumonia is reduced, If a person takes the proper influenza and pneumococcal vaccine. 

 Obesity

 It's the main cause of conditions similar to cardiovascular conditions, lung complaints, diabetes, etc. Regular exercise will keep you healthy and active which is salutary for good health. 

 Diet 

 A diet similar to grains, fruit, and green vegetables, boost your vulnerable system and keep you physically fit. However, the chances of developing pneumonia are less, If your vulnerable system is strong. 

 Antibiotics 

 still, take antibiotics in their acute phase, If you're feeling sick. Some people are lazy so they develop severe infections. Taking antibiotics duly will keep you healthy. 

 Supplements Input 

 Supplements which especially contain Vitamin A, C, D, and B12 are necessary for a strong vulnerable system. A strong vulnerable system will keep you healthy and physically fit. 

 Treatment of Pneumonia 

 For Pleural Pain 

 Analgesics are similar to Pethidine, Morphine, NSAIDs, Ponstan Forte, etc. 

 For Hypoxemic Cases

Oxygen is necessary for hypoxemic cases that have low oxygen situations to main PO2 of further than 60 mmHg. 

 For Dehydrated Cases 

 Due to the high temperature and high respiratory rate, the case feels dehydrated. Oral or maternal fluids are taken to correct dehumidification. 

 For Cough Cases 

 Cough saccharinity should be taken to suppress the torture similar to Syp. PHOLOCODINE 2 soupspoons, 3- times daily. 

 Antibiotics 

 originally, antibiotics are given empirically and also can be changed according to the blood or foam culture and perceptivity reports, and serology. 

Empiric Antimicrobial remedy 

 original remedy of pneumonia is frequently empirical and is grounded on clinical, radiographic, and laboratory evaluation, the inflexibility of illness, age of the case, need for hospitalization, and the presence of-existing illness. This can be acclimated consequently if a specific etiologic agent is latterly linked. 

 Treatment for Outdoor Cases 

 Antibiotics are similar to Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Doxycyclin, Amoxicillin, Cefuroxime, etc. 

 Treatment for Inner Cases 

 Inj. Augmentin Inj. Klaricid 

 Inj. Rocephin Inj. Klaricid 

 Inj. Rocephin Inj. Cravit 

 Inj. Zinacef Inj. Klaricid 

 Inj. Cravit Inj. Augmentin 

 For cases at threat of pseudomonas infection 

 Inj. Imipenem Levofloxacin 

 Duration of Treatment 

 For Typical Pneumonia 7- 10 days. 

 For Atypical Pneumonia 2- 3 weeks. 

 High Mortality Rate Cases 

 Age 60 times or lesser than 60 

 Respiratory rate> 30 breaths/ min. 

 Diastolic blood pressure lower than 60 mmHg 

 Infection involving further than 1 lungs lobe 

Co-morbidity 

 Mental confusion